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The Hyksos
1860 - 1430 BCE
Josephus "Against Apion" Point 14
| A. | When the Israelites first entered the country CA1860 the Egyptians named them the Hyksos, or shepherds, which they were. When Joseph and his brothers joined them they were considered compatriots of the resident Hyksos. As the Babylonians came from the same region as the Israelites who acted as their allies in governing the country, the Egyptians assumed that they to were compatriots of the resident Hyksos. As Manetho states "the people (the Hyksos) were sometimes called shepherds (Israelites) and sometimes called kings" (Babylonians). |
| B. | When Manetho writes that the Hyksos "were men of ignoble birth who came out of the east and had boldness enough to make an expedition into our country" he is referring to the entry of the Israelites into Egypt CA1860BCE. |
| C. | Manetho goes on "and with ease subdued it by force yet without our hazarding a battle with them" he is referring to the Egyptians being made slaves to Joseph CA1749BCE. |
| D. | When Manetho writes "that this nation (the Hyksos) called shepherds was also called captives in their sacred books" he is referring to Israelites who endured slavery in Egypt for some 100 years. |
| E. | When Manetho states that the Hyksos "kept possession of Egypt for 511 years" he is referring to time the Israelites spent in Egypt. The Bible gives the number of years as 430, which is remarkably close considering the time span and that the entry into and flight from Egypt took place over a number of years. |
| F. | Manetho states "When these people (Hyksos) or shepherds were gone out of Egypt to Jerusalem, the king of Egypt who drove them out..." refers to the Exodus in 1430BCE. I would tend to agree with the Biblical account of their escape. Slaves were a form of wealth in Egypt so why drive them out? |
| G. | The Hyksos who, Manetho states "burnt down the cities and demolished the temples and used all the inhabitants in the most barbarous way" and "made one of themselves ruler" were the Babylonians (CA1684). |
| H. | The Hyksos who, during the Egyptian revolt, CA1536 made a last stand at Avaris "with a large and strong wall, and after a long unsuccessful seirge the Egyptians allowed them to leave the country unmolested" were the Babylonians. |
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